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计算机英语原文加翻译PPT

计算机英语原文1. Basic ConceptsComputer HardwareThe physical components of a compute...
计算机英语原文1. Basic ConceptsComputer HardwareThe physical components of a computer system, including the central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage devices, input devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse), output devices (e.g., monitor, printer), and other peripheral devicesComputer SoftwareThe set of programs, procedures, and associated documentation that provide instructions for the hardware to perform tasks. Software can be categorized into system software (e.g., operating systems, device drivers) and application software (e.g., word processors, web browsers)Operating SystemThe software that manages the computer's hardware and software resources, providing a user-friendly interface and controlling access to the computer's resourcesNetworkingThe interconnection of multiple computers and devices to enable the sharing of resources, communication, and collaboration. Networks can be local (LANs), wide area (WANs), or the internet2. Programming ConceptsProgramming LanguageA set of rules and conventions that define how computers understand and execute instructions written by humans. Popular programming languages include Java, Python, C++, and JavaScriptCompilerA program that translates source code written in a programming language into machine code that the computer's CPU can executeInterpreterA program that executes source code directly, translating and executing instructions one by one without creating a separate machine code fileDebuggingThe process of identifying and fixing errors in computer programs. Debugging tools include debuggers, loggers, and unit testing frameworks3. Data ConceptsDataFacts or information represented in a computer system, typically in the form of numbers, characters, or imagesDatabaseA structured collection of data that is organized, stored, and accessed in a systematic way. Databases can be relational (e.g., MySQL, Oracle), non-relational (e.g., MongoDB, Cassandra), or distributed (e.g., Apache Cassandra, CockroachDB)Data AnalysisThe process of examining, cleaning, transforming, and modeling data to extract useful information and insightsBig DataA term used to describe extremely large datasets that are difficult to process using traditional data processing methods. Big data technologies include Hadoop, Spark, and NoSQL databases4. Security ConceptsComputer SecurityThe practice of protecting computer systems and networks from unauthorized access, damage, or theftFirewallA network security system that monitors incoming and outgoing network traffic and blocks unauthorized accessMalwareSoftware designed to damage, disrupt, or steal data from a computer system without the user's knowledge or consent. Types of malware include viruses, worms, Trojans, and ransomwareCryptographyThe practice of protecting information by encrypting it so that only authorized parties can decrypt and access it. Cryptographic algorithms include AES, RSA, and SHA翻译计算机英语1. 基本概念计算机硬件计算机系统的物理组件,包括中央处理器(CPU)、内存、存储设备、输入设备(例如键盘、鼠标)、输出设备(例如显示器、打印机)和其他外围设备计算机软件提供硬件执行任务的指令的一组程序、过程和相关文档。软件可分为系统软件(例如操作系统、设备驱动程序)和应用软件(例如文字处理器、Web浏览器)操作系统管理软件硬件资源并提供用户友好界面以及控制对计算机资源的访问的软件网络将多台计算机和设备相互连接,以实现资源共享、通信和协作。网络可以是局域网(LANs)、广域网(WANs)或互联网2. 编程概念编程语言定义计算机如何理解和执行人类编写的指令的一组规则和约定。流行的编程语言包括Java、Python、C++和JavaScript编译器将用编程语言编写的源代码转换为计算机CPU可以执行的机器代码的程序解释器直接执行源代码的程序,逐行翻译和执行指令,而不创建单独的机器代码文件调试识别并修复计算机程序中的错误的过程。调试工具包括调试器、记录器和单元测试框架3. 数据概念数据在计算机系统中以数字、字符或图像形式表示的事实或信息数据库以系统方式组织、存储和访问的结构化数据集合。数据库可以是关系型(例如MySQL、Oracle)、非关系型(例如MongoDB、Cassandra)或分布式(例如Apache Cassandra、CockroachDB)数据分析检查和清理数据,转换和建模数据以提取有用信息和见解的过程大数据用于描述使用传统数据处理方法难以处理的极大数据集的术语。大数据技术